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Modulación de la microbiota intestinal y patogénesis de la obesidad
Resumen
La microbiota intestinal es el grupo de microorganismos que colonizan el tracto gastrointestinal. El número de estos supera diez veces el número de células somáticas y cien veces el número de genes del huésped. La microbiota intestinal en el cuerpo humano tiene funciones en el proceso de digestión de alimentos, absorción de energía y modulación inmunitaria, fundamentales para el mantenimiento de la salud. Los cambios en la composición de la microbiota intestinal inicia después del nacimiento por los efectos de la nutrición y estado metabólico. Las modificaciones de la composición han llamado la atención sobre su papel en el desarrollo de la obesidad, ya que la disbiosis puede alterar la permeabilidad de la barrera intestinal, lo que conduce a cambios metabólicos asociados a endotoxemia. Los cambios benéficos de la composición pueden lograrse a través tanto de la modificación de hábitos dietéticos como con el uso de algunas sustancias que promueven estos cambios. La modulación de los efectos de la microbiota intestinal con el uso de prebióticos y probióticos ha demostrado efectos en parámetros tanto antropométricos como metabólicos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la asociación entre la modulación de la microbiota intestinal y la patogénesis de la obesidad.
Recibido: 25 de Enero de 2021
Aceptado: 11 Junio de 2022
Publicado online: 20 de Junio de 2022
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