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El papel del odontólogo en la detección del maltrato y negligencia infantil
Resumen
El maltrato hacia los niños es una problemática mundial que abarca distintos estratos étnicos, culturales y socioeconómicos. Un aspecto de este tipo de maltrato es la negligencia dental, definida como la acción deliberada por parte de padres o cuidadores de no atender las necesidades odontológicas que garanticen el bienestar oral del niño. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión sobre los signos y consecuencias distintivas del maltrato, abuso y negligencia hacia los niños que sirva como insumo para educar, sensibilizar y alertar a los odontólogos sobre la importancia de detectar y denunciar oportunamente esta problemática cuando haya sospecha de presencia en su ámbito profesional. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica en 4 bases de datos utilizando como descriptores de búsqueda: maltrato infantil, negligencia dental, odontología, conducta, en inglés y español; se excluyeron estudios con población mayor a 14 años. e encontró que el abuso físico, emocional, sexual, y la negligencia pueden verse reflejados en la cavidad oral y la región craneofacial, lo cual permite que el odontólogo sea clave en la detección. Sin embargo, es imperativa la formación profesional debe enfatizar en la identificación y el manejo adecuado de casos de maltrato y negligencia dental infantil a fin de que estos profesionales puedan intervenir de manera efectiva y oportuna para proteger a los niños vulnerables. Se concluye que el papel del odontólogo en la detección del maltrato y la negligencia dental infantil es fundamental para salvaguardar el bienestar de los niños y garantizar la protección de sus derechos.
Recibido: 19 de Abril de 2024
Aceptado: 1 de Septiembre de 2024
Publicado online: 16 de Octubre de 2024
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