Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico Nanopartículas con actividad antimicrobiana como alternativa a los antibióticos convencionales
Resumen
La resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos ha alcanzado niveles críticos a nivel mundial, reduciendo la eficacia de los tratamientos tradicionales y elevando la morbimortalidad por infecciones resistentes. En este contexto, las nanopartículas (NPs) con actividad antimicrobiana emergen como una alternativa prometedora frente a los antibióticos convencionales. Nanomateriales como las nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs), óxido de zinc (ZnO) y óxido de cobre (CuO) han demostrado una alta eficacia contra bacterias, hongos, virus, e incluso frente a cepas multirresistentes. Este artículo presenta una revisión de los principales métodos de síntesis de nanopartículas antimicrobianas, agrupados en dos enfoques fundamentales: top-down y bottom-up. Se analizan diversas téc-nicas asociadas a cada enfoque, así como sus ventajas, limitaciones y aplicaciones. Además, se discute la síntesis verde como una alternativa sostenible dentro del enfoque bottom-up. También se abordan los principales mecanismos responsables de la actividad biocida de las NPs. Los avances recientes posicionan a las nanopartículas con actividad antimicrobiana como solucio-nes innovadoras y versátiles para enfrentar la amenaza creciente de la resistencia antibacteriana, aunque aún persisten desafíos relacionados con su producción segura, escalabilidad y aplicación en entornos clínicos y ambientales
Recibido: 07/04/2025
Aceptado: 28/04/2025
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https://enbreve.mx/resistencia-bacteriana-una-amenaza-global-que-podria-causar-10-millones-de-muertes-en-2050/ Acceso: 29/04/2025
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ISSN: 1856-5301
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/AVANQUIM
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