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Sistemas colinérgicos neuronales y no-neuronales en infecciones parasitarias. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Resumen
Para destacar el papel de los sistemas colinérgicos neuronales y no neuronales en las infecciones por parásitos de interés humano y veterinario, se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis consistente con una búsqueda documental en las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar y Scielo, con combinaciones de palabras claves en inglés y español, sin restricciones de tiempo, en base a un esquema expositivo. Un total de 40.538 documentos fueron encontrados, y solo 67 fueron incluidos de acuerdo a los criterios de selección definidos. Para el metaanálisis seleccionamos 7 artículos originales a fin de evaluar la efectividad preliminar de las vacunas con el uso del paquete MAVIS. Desde los experimentos de Otto Loewi en 1921, nuestro conocimiento sobre los sistemas colinérgicos neuronales y no neuronales se ha incrementado considerablemente. En infecciones por protozoarios el efecto inmunomodulador de estos microorganismos afectan la liberación de acetilcolina y promueven el establecimiento de respuestas de células Th1 en infecciones por Trypanosoma cruzi. En T. equiperdum se ha podido establecer una “hipótesis del calcio” para los receptores nicotínicos colinérgicos. En Schistosoma haematobium, la existencia de componentes de un sistema colinérgico no neuronal, permite postular una hipótesis para la “ingesta de glucosa”. Al tener conocimientos detallados de los efectos sobre los sistemas colinérgicos neuronales y no neuronales del hospedador en protozoos y establecer el papel de los sistemas colinérgicos no neuronales en metazoarios, se pueden explotar como blancos potenciales para el desarrollo de nuevas drogas y para obtener candidatos para vacunas en las infecciones parasitarias.
Recibido: 08 de Mayo de 2022
Aceptado: 05 Julio de 2022
Publicado online: 27 de Julio de 2022
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