Opciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas en pacientes con nefropatía asociada a la obesidad
Resumen
La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo como consecuencia de un balance energético positivo que tiene graves consecuencias sobre la salud que pueden ser potencialmente letales. Existe evidencia que demuestra una relación causal entre sobrepeso / obesidad y enfermedad renal. Este vínculo ha sido confirmado por estudios histopatológicos que demuestran la aparición de un tipo especial de enfermedad renal crónica (glomerulomegalia, glomeruloesclerosis focal segmentaria o ambos) en sujetos obesos. Las alteraciones funcionales renales junto al efecto de las hormonas producidas por el tejido adiposo, especialmente aquel localizado en la región abdominal, tienen un papel clave en el desarrollo de la nefropatía asociada a la obesidad. Los pacientes con nefropatía asociada a la obesidad generalmente presentan proteinuria concomitante con trastornos metabólicos como dislipidemia e hipertensión. Los cambios dietéticos, de actividad física y de patrones psicológicos que llevan a la pérdida de peso en sujetos obesos parecen tener un papel fundamental en el tratamiento y prevención de esta condición. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar los efectos de las opciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas en pacientes con nefropatía asociada a la obesidad
Recibido: 11 de Septiembre de 2022
Aceptado: 17 de Septiembre de 2023
Publicado online: 31 de Diciembre de 2023
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