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Giómero: un material novedoso utilizado en la prevención y tratamiento de la caries
Resumen
La caries dental es una de las enfermedades bucales más comunes a nivel mundial y la restauración de las lesiones es un procedimiento común. Los materiales destinados para este fin han sufrido varias innovaciones para reducir la incidencia de caries dental posterior a la colocación de un material restaurador. A estos materiales se les ha otorgado la propiedad remineralizante, esto es a consecuencia de la liberación de diversos iones en diferentes niveles. Un ejemplo es el desarrollo de los giómeros, que combinan características de resinas compuestas y los ionómeros de vidrio. En este trabajo, se revisan las características de los giómeros como materiales para la prevención y restauración de las caries dentales. La tecnología giómero, llamada Superficie de Vidrio Reaccionado, es un bioactivo trilaminado que libera y recarga seis iones: Flúor, Sodio, Estroncio, Aluminio, Silicato y Boro. Los giómeros se encuentran en la clasificación de resinas compuestas y sub grupo de resinas con liberación de flúor. En términos de manipulación, los giómeros son similares a los materiales de resina, y tienen propiedades que imitan los colores de los dientes restaurados. Poseen características clínicas aceptables a largo plazo y presentan una alta tasa de retención. Además, los iones de boro y estroncio, junto con los iones de sodio, pueden amortizar el ácido láctico. Con el tiempo, los giómeros han evolucionado y se han mejorado sus propiedades mecánicas, estéticas y de manipulación. Actualmente, se ofrecen giómeros con una amplia gama de colores y características específicas para adaptarse a las necesidades clínicas.
Recibido: 14 de Mayo de 2024.
Aceptado: 11 de Noviembre de 2024.
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