Efectividad de las férulas oclusales en el tratamiento de trastornos temporomandibulares
Resumen
El trastorno temporomandibular (TTM) constituye un término que agrupa diversas afecciones musculoesqueléticas y neuromusculares. La sintomatología dolorosa representa el hallazgo más prevalente en pacientes con TTM, configurándose como el motivo de consulta predominante. Las férulas oclusales son dispositivos intraorales removibles que modifican las relaciones maxilomandibulares. Sus mecanismos de acción involucran: inducción de relajación muscular, redistribución de cargas condilares y modulación de los espacios articulares. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la efectividad de las férulas oclusales en el tratamiento del TTM. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de 7 artículos no mayor a 5 años de publicación por medio de: Elsevier, Medline, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud y Google académico. Resultados: Los siete estudios incluidos, corresponden a ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados (ECA), los criterios de efectividad analizados son: dolor, mejora en la apertura bucal, reducción de la actividad muscular nocturna, calidad de vida y características técnicas de las férulas. Conclusiones: Con base en la evidencia científica se puede concluir que las férulas oclusales son efectivas para el tratamiento del dolor en los TTM.
Recibo:28-04-25 / Aceptado:15-05-25
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